Is Dexmedetomidine safe while breastfeeding?

Effects on the breastfed infant

Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

Effects on milk supply

A double-blind study randomized 160 women receiving an elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia to receive either sufentanil for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (standard care) or standard care plus dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine was given as 5 mcg/kg, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 mcg/kg per hour until the end of surgery. Patient in this latter group received dexmedetomidine plus sufentanil for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia postoperatively for 2 days. Patients who received dexmedetomidine had a shorter time to the first lactation (28 vs 34 hours), achieved exclusive breastfeeding sooner (8 vs 11 days) and had a greater amount of milk on the second day postpartum.[ 4 ] In a retrospective study of women undergoing cesarean section deliveries, 3 regimens were compared: dexmedetomidine before anesthesia and during delivery (n = 115), normal saline before anesthesia and during delivery and dexmedetomidine after delivery (n = 109), and normal saline before anesthesia and during delivery (n = 168). Women who received dexmedetomidine before anesthesia and during delivery consumed less sufentanil and ondansetron during their hospitalization and had a slightly shorter time to the first production of milk than women in the other groups (25 minutes vs 27 to 28 minutes).[ 5 ] A randomized, blinded study compared post-cesarean section analgesia with sufentanil alone to sufentanil plus dexmedetomidine. The combination resulted in improved analgesia and a decreased time to first lactation (57 vs 51 hours).[ 6 ]

Levels in milk

Maternal Levels. Following delivery by cesarean section, 4 women were given dexmedetomidine by continuous infusion 6 mcg/kg/hour for 10 minutes, followed by a dose of 0.2 to 0.7 mcg/kg/hour until closure of the incision, with total dosages ranging from 60 to 75 mcg. Breastmilk samples were collected at 0, 6 and 24 hours after the end of the infusion. The mean breastmilk dexmedetomidine concentration at the end of the infusion was 578 ng/L (range 390 to 594 ng/L). Dexmedetomidine was detected in human breast milk in 3 of the subjects 6 hours after discontinuation of dexmedetomidine, with an average of 24 ng/L. The drug was undetectable ( 3 ng/L) in 1 breastmilk sample at 6 hours and in all samples at 24 hours after discontinuation. The authors calculated a weight-adjusted percentage of maternal dosage ranging from 0.04 to 0.098%.[ 1 ] The same authors collected colostrum samples from 10 women at 6, 12 and 24 hours after returning to their ward after receiving dexmedetomidine for cesarean section delivery. Dexmedetomidine was given by continuous infusion 6 mcg/kg/hour for 10 minutes, followed by a dose of 0.7 mcg/kg/hour until closure of the incision. At 6 hours, two women had undetectable dexmedetomidine levels in colostrum, while the other 8 had dexmedetomidine levels ranging from 8.1 to 30.4 ng/L (median 12 ng/L). At 12 hours only one woman had dexmedetomidine detectable at 13.6 ng/L. Dexmedetomidine was undetectable in all women at 24 hours. The authors calculated a relative infant dose range of 0.02-0.062%.[ 2 ] A nursing mother who was 4 weeks postpartum underwent a craniotomy for resection of a brain tumor. She was sedated with dexmedetomidine in a dose of 45 mcg followed by an infusion of 0.7 to 1 mg/kg/hour using a dosing weight of 95.6 kg, as well as propofol, and fentanyl. Complete milk collections with a breast pump and manual expression were collected every 3 to 4 hours during the procedure with the help of a lactation consultant. Intraoperative milk leve

Alternatives LactMed lists

• Methohexital
• Midazolam
• Propofol